Life

Life
- Domain Domains are defined chiefly in terms of their rRNA sequences
  - Bacteria Part if the informal "prokaryota"
    - Only one kingdom today, likely to be revised.
      - photosynthesizing
        green non-sulfur bacteria
        green sulfur bacteria
        Cyanobacteria
        ("pre-organelles" to chloroplasts)
        purple bacteria
        Gram-positive bacteria
      - non- photosythesizing
        ("pre-organelles" to mitochondria)
        Flavobacteria
        spirochaetes
        Thermus
        Thermotoga
  - Archaea Part if the informal "prokaryota"
    - Kingdoms:
      - Euryarchaeota
        Extreme halophiles such as Halobacterium
        Methanogens such as Methanococcus, Thermococcus
      - Crenarchaeota Oldest, depend on sulfur, often thermophilic. Includes Sulfolobus, Thermoproteus and others
        Sp Pyrodictium abyssi Optimum temp 105°C
        Sp Pyrolobus fumari Holds the record for thermophilic growth with a maximum growth temperature of 113°C. It cannot grow below 90°C
        Sp Sulfolobus acidocalddarius Aerobic chemolithotroph, oxidizes sulfur or H2S and fixes CO2
        Sp Thermoproteus neutrophilus T. neutrophilus has 56-58% GC. Opt temp 80-100°C
      - Korarchaeota (third kingdom that sometimes is distinguished)
  - Eukarya
    - Kingdoms:
      - K Protoctista "the dustbin kingdom" The first eukaryotic to evolve. Unicellular eukaryotes (and any multicellular descendants) that are neither plants, animals nor fungi. Most are microscopic. Most have one or more flagella.
        SubK Archezoa The oldest Protoctista. Does not have mitochondria or chloroplast organelles. Many are parasites
        Archaeprotista
        Microspora (A Fungi according to others)
        SubK Euproctista (This list is a mess, don't trust it)
        Ph Rizopoda (amoebas etc)
        Ph Discomitochondria ( euglenoids kinetoplastids)
        Ph Myxomycota
        Ph Rhodophyta (red algae)
        Ph Granuloreticulosa (forams etc)
        Ph Xenophyophora
        SupPh Alveolata
        Dinoflagelida
        Ciliophora
        Apicomplexa
        Ph Chlorophyta (green algae)
        Ph Haplospora
        Ph Paramyxa
        Ph Haptophyta
        Ph Cryptophyta
        SupPh Stramenopila or Heterokontophyta
        Ph Opalinida
        Ph Bicosoecida
        Ph Hypochytridomycota
        Ph Labyrinthulata
        Ph Oomycota (water moulds)
        Ph Plasmodiophora
        Ph Chrysophyta (golden-brown algae)
        Ph Phaenophyta (brown algae)
        Ph Xanthophyta (yellow-green algae)
        Ph Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
        Ph Eustigmatophyta
        Ph Myxospora
        Ph Actinopoda (radiolarians etc)
        Ph Zoomastigota
      - Animalia Origin prob. 900-1200 Ma, most numerous and diverse (~29-35? phyla) eukaryotic kingdom Each phyla has a distinkt bodyplan since or before Cambrian.
        Radiata The oldest
        
        Porifera (5000) sponges
        
        Cnidaria (11000) corals, jellyfish
        About 100 others
        Bilateria
        
        Arthropoda (either a superphylum or just one phylum)
        insects (750000)
        millipedes etc (12500
        crustaceans (40000)
        spiders etc (1000)
        div ~400+70
        
        Platyhelminthes (25000) flatworms
        
        Annelida (15000) earthworms etc.
        
        Mollusca (50000)
        
        Nematoda (20000) roundworms
        
        Chordata (33380) vertebrates
        Echinodermata (7000) starfish etc
        (and other phyla)
      - Plantae * Multicellular eukaryotic photosyntetic organisms, primarily adapted to life on land. * Develop from an embryo, developed from a zygote * Alternation of generations * Green overgount shoot, underground parts non- photosyntesizing
        non-vascular plants or bryophytes
        Hepatophyta (6000) liverworths
        Anthocerophyta (100) hornworths
        Bryophyta (10000) Mosses
        vascular plants
        seedless vascular plants
        Sphenophyta (15) horsetails [Equisetum]
        Lycophyta (1000) club mosses & quillworths
        Pterophyta (11000) Ferns
        Psilophyta (~30) whisk fern [Psilotum]
        seed plants
        gymnosperms
        Cycadophyta (140) cycads
        Gincophyta (1) maidenhair tree [Ginkgo]
        Coniferophyta (550) conifers
        Gnetophyta (70) [Gretum, Ephedra, Welwitshia]
        angiosperms
        Anthophyta (235000) flowering plants
      - Fungi
        with protoctist ancestors
        Chytridiomycota (600) water & soil moulds, parasites
        Zygomycota (850) bread moulds fly fungi animal traps
        Ascomycota (30000) cup fungi, yeasts, moulds
        Basidiomycota (25000) mushrooms, brackets, rusts, jelly fungi, smuts
        no sexual stages
        Anamorphic fungi (17000) (two branches)
- Please don't use this mindmap! You can't trust it, it's an experiment only!